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Posts Tagged ‘Michigan history’

Remember Lambertus Leeuwenhoek (Uncle Lou), husband of my great grand-aunt Jennie DeKorn Leeuwenhoek?  He’s the one who owned the Bibles I showcased in one post.  He and Aunt Jen owned a general market in Kalamazoo, Michigan.

Grandpa gave me this photo of Uncle Lou’s younger brother Gerrit/Garrett (five years apart in age) and told me Uncle Lou and Gerrit were orphans, and that they both lived in Kalamazoo. Years later, I wondered why there were no more recent photos of him or stories of who he married or children he might have had.

In doing a newspaper search for the name Leeuwenhoek in Kalamazoo on Genealogy Bank, I discovered why.

He was a war hero who met an untimely death at age 21. (Yes, another family hero!)

As the July 26, 1898 Kalamazoo Gazette article states, Gerrit, who was born to Arie Leeuwenhoek and Mary Hoogedoom Leeuwenhoek in the Netherlands, had only been in the United States for a year when he heard the whistles blow in Kalamazoo that war had been declared on Spain (Spanish-American War).  He immediately enlisted in the army, was sent to Cuba, where he died of malaria.

Notice that it mentions Uncle Lou in Kalamazoo, but it also mentions two brothers and two sisters left behind in the Netherlands, as well as a brother who is in the Holland regular army in the East Indies.

I think it’s possible that my grandfather did tell me that Gerrit died in the war, but that I didn’t remember it and, if I took notes, I don’t know where they are.

His death even made the news in the Muskegon Chronicle on the same date.

On August 17, 1898, the Kalamazoo Gazette published a letter Uncle Lou received of his brother’s service and death.

To put the letter in the context of Uncle Lou’s life, he’d been married 26 months, and his daughter Alice was 15 months old, when he got word his young brother had died.

This letter makes it look as if Gerrit was buried in Cuba. Here is the interment control form which I found on ancestry.com.

Garrett Leeuwenhoek interment control form

What I suspected from this form is confirmed in the following article in the Kalamazoo Gazette on April 5, 1899.

Garrett’s body was re-buried in 1899 in Kalamazoo.  There are conflicting reports of his death date and name of his Company, but I feel pretty confident about the date of July 23, 1898 as the day he died.

Today he is honored with a brick at the Rose Park Veterans Memorial Park–a memorial park which my father Rudy Hanson and the Kalamazoo Sunrise Rotary Club were instrumental in bringing to the city.

 

 

If you would like to see first-hand newspaper accounts of the war from a Michigan newspaper, these links to articles in the Ludington Appeal show the general climate in Michigan at the time Gerrit decided to enlist.  These were provided by Jose at Enhanced News Archive.

Newspaper : Ludington Appeal – Apr 28, 1898
Ludington Appeal – May 5, 1898

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Today would be the birthday of (Lucille) Edna Mulder Zuidweg, my wonderful grandmother, born April 17, 1912. We lost her on September 21, 2000.

In honor of Grandma, I’ll share more from her high school graduation scrapbook, which has quite a few goodies in it.  I wrote about it before in the post Who Put the Ring Stain on the ScrapbookToday I’d like to share one page of the scrapbook.

This page is my favorite because I learn more about my grandmother here.  In the upper left is a photo of my grandparents, which means that they were dating by the point she glued that photo in the book.  Aren’t they cute?  When and where did they meet?

In the upper middle is a photo of Grandma’s best friend Blanche Stauffer, Class Valedictorian.  Grandma was Class Historian and her older sister Dorothy was Salutatorian.  The newspaper clipping on the upper right explains all that.

The congratulations note by Elsa looks treasured.  At the bottom left is a newspaper clipping which is from April 1920:

Miss Edna Mulder celebrated her eighth birthday anniversary with a party Saturday.  Twenty little people were present.

In the bottom right corner is another clipping.  This one is also from 1920:

The first of the spring flowers again comes to our desk through the thoughtful kindness of little Edna Mulder.  Flowers while we live to enjoy them are far sweeter than those at death for does not some one tell us that “Flowers on the casket can cast no fragrance backward over life’s rugged way.”

One more scrapbook treat is the “entertainment” for Grandma’s 8th grade graduation, which took place  in Grand Rapids, Michigan, on June 12, 1925:

Happy birthday, Grandma.  I miss you! xo

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I’ve been chatting on about Kalamazoo, Michigan, for some months now, but if you don’t know the city or the area, you probably only know what I’ve been able to post.

If you would like to see more of historical Kalamazoo, here are some links:

Kalamazoo Public Library

The library has links to many collections, including one which displays this photo of 310 E. Michigan Avenue in 1893.

Vanished from Kalamazoo, County

This site allows people to send in photos of businesses and other places in Kalamazoo which have vanished from the landscape.  Here is a photo which was sent in by my brother of the family business.  At the time of this photo my father Rudy Hanson owned both the luggage store and Why Shoe Works located next door (you can see a bit of the sign).

The History of Kalamazoo, MI

This site provides history, but no photos.

Michigan Genealogy

At this site you will find photos such as the one below of the Upjohn Company, a very important part of Kalamazoo for decades, in 1933.

Portage District Library

This site is good for history and photos of Portage.

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I’m picking up here from my post All the Peek Girls.  In that post I showcased photos of my great-great grandmother Alice and her sisters.

The girls’ parents, my great-great-great grandparents, Teunis Peek (born on 5 Jun 1822 in Everdingen, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands) and  Jacoba Bassa (born on 18 Jun 1824 in Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands) were married on 21 Dec 1848 in Everdingen, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.

At the time of their marriage, Teunis was a “farmer’s hand” in Everdingen.

On 23 November 1865, Jacoba died at the age of 41 in Lexmond.  At that time, Teunis was a farmer in Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.

Teunis and Jacoba had the following children:

Joost Peek was born on 25 Aug 1850 in Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.

Aaltje Peek, born 9 Sep 1852, Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; died 5 May 1908, Michigan,
United States.  This is my great-great grandmother, Alice Paak/Peek, who married Richard DeKorn.

Anna Catharina Peek was born on 6 Jan 1855 in Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.

Maaike Peek was born on 29 Jul 1859 in Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.

Cornelia Peek was born on 8 May 1862 in Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands.

Willempje Peek was born 17 dep 1856 in Lexmond, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands. [Additional info:  must do research to see if Willempje survived or not]

Teunis and his children emigrated in 1868 to the United States.

After reading this information on the family, I speculated that Joost probably stayed behind in the Netherlands.  He would have been eighteen and might have already started his own life.  I had photos of the four girls (Alice, Annie, Mary, and Carrie), but no information from my family about the oldest, the boy Joost.

I recently discovered a clipping tucked in with the family photos.

There is no date or newspaper name on this clipping.  Here is an excerpt:

The residence of George Paake at 1016 Trimble Avenue was burned this morning about 10:30 o’clock and a worthy family which has had a series of disasters, left without a home.  The house which Mr. Paake was paying for in the Building and Loan Association was entirely ruined although most of the contents of the home were saved. Mr. Paake receives no insurance whatever and the little which had been accumulated by the family was lost.

The fire is only an incident in the history of the family. Mrs. Paake died a short time ago leaving five children, the oldest being fourteen years old. Since the mother’s death the little girl has had entire charge of the house and the four little children and has had all the responsibility of the family except the support which Mr. Paake gave as a laborer.  Recently he has been unable to work and was ill this morning when the fire occurred.

The neighbors have taken in the little ones and are doing all that is possible to alleviate the sufferings of the family. Mrs. Carrier has been responsible for raising a sum of money to which the neighbors have liberally contributed.

So many facts here.  But more questions.

Since the clipping was in with our treasured family photos, was this my family described in the article?

The size of the family seems to fit with the family of Teunis Peek, as is the recent death of the mother.  The impression is of an immigrant family who has been beset with many tragedies: the death of the mother, either the death of the first son (or him staying behind), the illness of the father, the loss of their home and the value they had in it.

Is Teunis George?  Most of the family changed their first names from a Dutch first name to an “English” first name.  It’s possible.

Although the Dutch records show the last name as Peek, my grandfather told me that the family was Paak or Paake.

However:  Jacoba, the wife of Teunis, passed away in 1865, and the family emigrated in 1868.  Alice, my great-great-grandmother, was born in 1852.  She would have been 16 when they arrived in Kalamazoo and caring for the household and her four younger siblings.    The very ancient clipping is now a deep gold color and very crisp.  If it’s from 1869 or 1870, and the family was that of Teunis, then Alice was probably 17 or 18, not 14.

In a 1906 City Directory, George is still listed at the same address (a rebuilt house?) and Cora W. Paak is listed as a boarder.  I wonder if that is his sister because Alice named one of her daughters Cora W (for Wilhelmina). Could be Cornelia (Carrie).

Or was George a brother of Teunis? (NO)

I’m waiting with bated breath for Yvette Hoitink to find me a little more information which might shed light on this mystery.  As of now, I don’t have any information on siblings of Teunis Peek.

EVENTUALLY we discovered that the fire happened to George (Joost) and his family.

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I wonder which Richard DeKorn building site this is.  The thin line of trees behind it is interesting because that doesn’t look like right downtown.  What do you think the buildings behind the site are?  And that long low structure?

The next photo was identified by reader David K. as “the old city hall in Grand Rapids.” http://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/habshaer/mi/mi0000/mi0015/photos/089268pv.jpg This makes sense because the photographer, Joseph DeKorn, ended up going to work for the City of Grand Rapids, eventually becoming  Superintendent of the Grand Rapids Water and Light Company. The details of the building are beautiful, as is the landscaping.

Joseph DeKorn took the following photo of Kalamazoo’s downtown. Comments by readers help to describe more about the location.

Downtown Kalamazoo

Downtown Kalamazoo

As usual, I don’t know enough about these photographs.  The first one was a photo I found with old newspaper clippings.  The other two were from glass negatives taken by Joseph DeKorn.  Any guesses on age, based on the clothing of the people?

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Richard DeKorn obituary

This obit confirms that Richard’s (Dirk de Korne)  sister, Jennie Culver, did move to Seattle and raise her family there.  Also, although the genealogy research done by Yvette Hoitink shows Richard was born in Kapelle, this obituary states what I had always been told, that he was from Goes.  Those towns are not far from each other.

I’ve written a couple of other posts about Richard DeKorn, including Richard DeKorn, Brick Mason and General Contractor.  This obituary mentions two other buildings I didn’t realize he had built:  the Pythian Building and the Merchants Publishing Company building.  I also learned that he was a member of the brick masons union.

Pythian Building

Pythian Building

I’ve mentioned before that he built the Telegraph building, the tower at the state hospital, and the Ladies Library Association building (and many others).

You see Park Cafe in the low building to the side of the building?  I remember them from the sixties and seventies when they used to make the best olive burgers anywhere in the world.  The grease would soak right through the waxed paper, and they were absolutely smothered in green olives.  I recall walking past the building to get my burger and thinking what a beautiful old building it was, never dreaming that my great-great grandfather had built it.

NEW INFORMATION ADDED IN THE NEXT POST!!  EXTRA, EXTRA, READ ALL ABOUT IT!!!

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In the world of family history blogs, I feel like the new kid on the block.  I probably am the new kid on the block.  There’s always that one moment when you know you’ve been accepted into the new neighborhood.  For me it was when Mom at Maybe someone should write that down  passed to me the Liebster award.  I had to look up what Liebster means and apparently it means dearest in German.  If I have that wrong, please correct me, but I thought that was a sweet name.liebster-award2

In order to accept the Liebster Award, one must do the following things:

1.  Thank (and link to) the presenter of my 2013 Liebster Award:

Thank you, Mom!  Her blog, “Maybe someone should write that down,” is a beautiful site, filled with a variety of posts related to family history, genealogy, the past, and blogging.  Mom herself is a great conversationalist in blogland and a welcome and welcoming presence.  Please check out her blog, if you don’t already know her site!

2.  Post 11 fascinating facts about one’s own self:

Hahaha, that would presuppose that there were even a couple of fascinating facts about myself.  I’ll try facts about my ancestors–how about them apples?

i. My maternal grandmother L. Edna Mulder Zuidweg  had the third highest GPA and was class historian when she graduated from Caledonia High School in 1929.

ii. My grandfather Adrian Zuidweg lost the sight in one eye from a sewing needle when he was three years old.  He was treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor, which must have been quite a trek for the family from Kalamazoo.

iii.  My paternal grandmother Marie K. Wakefield was the head fitter for the 28 Shop at the Marshall Field flagship store in Chicago.

iv. My great-grandfather Charles Mulder blew his pipe smoke into a plastic Yogi Bear bubble pipe I had and made me smoke it.  I’ve hated tobacco smoke ever since.

v.  My great-grandfather Frank Klein built a fish pond and gazebo at his Elmhurst, Illinois, house.

vi. My grandmother L. Edna Mulder Zuidweg had to walk 3 miles to school and 3 miles back each day.  She walked with her siblings.  When there was a bad storm, her mother drove the children to school in a tiny black Amish buggy.

vii. My great-great-grandmother Jennie Zuidweg wore eleven skirts and petticoats, each one filled with pockets.  She carried items in many of the pockets.

viii. My great-grand-uncle Lucas Zuidweg, a sailor, died when he fell on an anchor.

ix. The husband of my great-grand-aunt Jennie DeKorn Leeuwenhoek is a descendent of the man who invented the microscope, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek.

x. My maternal grandparents share a common ancestor, Karel Mulder, a “jailer’s hand.”

xi. My great-grandmother Cora DeKorn Zuidweg loved horses and, as a girl, wanted to spend as much time with them as possible.  As an adult, when she saw a man whipping his horse, she turned the man’s whip on him.

3.  Answer the 11 questions that my nominator made up for me:

I’m already confused by all the 11s.  Were there questions?

4.  Make up 11 questions to be answered by the 11 blogs who I choose to award the Liebster to:

Here they are (but if you don’t want to answer them, you don’t have to):  please list 11 fun facts about your ancestors.

5.  Nominate 11 bloggers who I personally enjoy, AND whose subscriber count does not exceed 200 and link to the 11 I choose, and then be sure to tell them why my website is pinging at them.  Since I don’t know how to tell what subscriber count anyone has, I’ll give you a list of a few of my dearest family history and genealogy blogs, although 11 doesn’t even begin to do the list justice!

Here they are in no particular order:

i.  Back atcha, Mom.  Please visit her lovely blog, Maybe someone should write that down.

ii. Jose over at Enhanced News Archive is an absolute treasure.  He researches newspapers and shares the results online so that the information can be plugged into family trees.  He does this service for strangers, as well as for fellow bloggers.  What a genealogy hero!

iii. EmilyAnn Frances at Child Out of Time writes charmingly about her family history, which has its roots in Italian, Spanish, and Jewish heritages.

iv. Sheryl at One Hundred Years Ago writes a unique blog.  Each post showcases a diary entry written by her grandmother 100 years ago and then Sheryl herself provides informative research about a related topic.

v. Sheila at I’ll Call It Like I See It and also of Red’s Rants and Raves is a wonderful participant in Blogland.  In the first blog, she writes humor and the subjects are varied.  The 2nd blog she actually ghost writes for the rescue Welsh Terrier Red ;).

vi. Jackie Dinnis, from Brighton, writes beautifully about her own life and that of her family.  Her blog provides a window into life in that part of the world over the past decades.

vii. Jedwardnajera’s Blog is a great read.  He’s a writer and artist and he also posts from a 400 page manuscript his father, who was born in 1908, wrote in Spanish.

viii. Relatively Frank showcases a collection of essays written by the blogger’s father.  Very poignant window into the life of one who has gone before.

ix. Deborah Sweeney at Genealogy Lady is a very accomplished genealogist.  I’m fascinated by her rich family stories.

x. William at Among My Branches is a thirty-something genealogy addict ;).  His stories are well-researched and engaging.

xi. Helen Tovey on Stitching Yesteryear weaves together family stories and needlework on her very lovely blog.

Thanks, Mom, for giving me the opportunity to give shout-outs to a group of great family history bloggers!

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When I was a little girl and my great-grandfather Charles Mulder and his wife Margaret sold the farm and moved to a different house, I was given my great grandfather’s old books.  These were books which dated back to his childhood and youth.  One of the books was signed with the date December 25, 1903; I shared that on a recent post and will re-post a thumbnail here.  However, I think these books date to the late 19th century.  Great Grandpa was born in 1885.

The most beautiful set were little bone colored books with light blue and gilt, and I read every one of them.  My favorites were the one which were rags to riches stories with strong morals.  These were similar to Horatio Alger stories in that the riches were not truly great wealth, but the ability to have self-respect within our society and to do good for others.  My least favorites were the ones which sounded too much like prayers.

These were published by The American Tract Society, which is still in business.  According to Wikipedia:

The American Tract Society (ATS) is a nonprofit, nonsectarian but evangelical organization founded on May 11, 1825 in New York City for the purpose of publishing and disseminating Christian literature. ATS traces its lineage back through the New York Tract Society (1812) and the New England Tract Society (1814) to the Religious Tract Society of London, begun in 1799. Over the years, ATS has produced and distributed many millions of pieces of literature.

I wish the books were in better shape, but in the nearly 50 years I have owned them, they have really started to show their age.  They are spotting, and the bindings are getting loose.  Before too long, I will have owned them for half their lifetime.

Book #89I wonder how many there were!

Book #89
I wonder how many there were!

In case you would like to start reading one:

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This gavel belonged to my great-grandfather Charles Mulder of Caledonia, Michigan.

He was my maternal grandmother‘s father and his name at birth, in 1885 in Goes, Zeeland, the Netherlands, was Karel Pieter Phillipus Mulder.  His great-great-grandfather was Carel Mulder, born March 8, 1780 in Goes, the Netherlands.  His occupation was a jailor’s hand.

This same Carel Mulder is also an ancestor of my maternal grandfather.  I wrote about the discovery of this coincidence in an earlier post.

Great Grandpa was a working farmer for many years.  I remember his farm with great affection because it had a rope swing from an apple tree, a barn, a chicken coop, outhouse, and fields where we once went on a hayride. Across the country road, a the thick woods nurtured a colorful assortment of wild flowers.

Great Grandpa, me (the first great grandchild), and Margaret

Great Grandpa, me (the first great-grandchild), and Margaret

In the above photo, Great Grandpa is with the only “great-grandmother” I knew, his second wife, Margaret, a very sweet lady.  My great-grandmother Clara passed away from uterine cancer two years before I was born.

Charles and Clara (Waldeck) Mulder

Charles and Clara (Waldeck) Mulder

My father told me that Great Grandpa held the position of Township Supervisor years ago and that is where he used this gavel.

On pages 252-256 of Ernest B. Fisher’s 1918 book, Grand Rapids and Kent County, Michigan: historical account of …, Volume 1I discovered more specific information about Great Grandpa and Caledonia.

Fisher explains that Caledonia was a “wilderness” with narrow trails by the local Native Americans (“red men,” according to Fisher) when Europeans first arrived there.  He states:

At the mouth of Coldwater river was a great Indian camping ground and burial place. The Indians did not leave there entirely until a comparatively recent date. One of them, old Soh-na-go, or “Squirrel,” was seen at quite a late day visiting the burial place and the hunting grounds of his fathers, but the “white man’s axe” had been there and it was no longer a home for him.

He goes on to say:

Caledonia, situated on Section 29, is a prosperous village of 600 people. It was settled in 1850, the first plat was made in 1870, and it reached the dignity of an incorporated municipality in 1888. It is situated on the Michigan Central railroad and hence has good shipping facilities which make it the center of trade for a wide extent of fertile country. It has one Methodist and two United Brethren churches, a bank, and a weekly newspaper, the News, and the requisite number of mercantile establishments and general industries.

The township of Caledonia is one of the best agricultural districts in Kent county, and the thrifty farmers are profitably engaged in all classes of diversified farming.

What interested me is that I saw that inside one of Great Grandpa’s books he went to a (Dutch) Reformed Church in 1903.  He was so ensconced in life in Caledonia by 1915 that he was Township Supervisor (and Grandma was born in 1912 in Caledonia).  The quote above says that there was one Methodist and two United Brethren churches, and I do know that my grandmother was a Methodist and that we used to have family reunions in the basement of the Methodist Church in Caledonia when I was a kid.  So where did he go to the Reformed Church?

According to records I found through ancestry.com, he immigrated to the United States with his family when he was two or three and grew up in Grand Rapids, not out in the country on a farm, after all.

Back to what Mr. Fisher had to tell me about my great-grandfather:

Below is given a list of the supervisors of the township from its organization down to the present time: 1840, John P. McNaughton; 1842, Norman Foster; 1844, Roswell F. Tyler and William Gibson; 1845, John A. Cornell; 1846, Justus G. Beach; 1848, Reuben H. Smith; 1849, William H. Brown; 1854, Lyman Gerould; 1857, Zabin Williams; 1858, William H. Brown; 1860, Warren S. Hale; 1861, William H. Brown; 1863, William J. Wood; 1865, Adam B. Sherk; 1868, William J. Wood; 1869, Marcus Buell; 1870, Adam B. Sherk; 1871, Robert S. Jackson; 1872, William J. Wood; 1873, Martin Whitney; 1877, Austin W. Hill; 1878, Marcus Buell; 1879, Sherman T. Colson; 1889, Alfred W. Stow; 1891, Sherman T. Colson; 1895, Eugene Ward; 1900, Joseph E. Kennedy; 1901, Alfred Newman; 1904, EugeneWard; 1906, Alfred Newman; 1907, Frederick W. Ruehs; 1912, Merrill M. Kriger; 1914, John J. Luneke; 1915, Charles R. Mulder, present incumbent.

Great Grandpa was the Supervisor of the Township of Caledonia.  He used this gavel to call the meetings to order.  Maybe this desire for order comes to him from his great-great-grandfather, the jailor’s hand.

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Last post I showed you the photo of my great-great-great-grandfather, Boudewijn de Korne.  I just discovered new information about him written by his grandson Joseph DeKorn.  Boudewijn, his wife Johanna, and their two children travelled to the United States with Gerrit Remine (Gerrard Remijnse), who was Johanna’s brother.

They travelled on a sailing vessel and arrived at Kalamazoo, Michigan on June 22, 1856.  However, “they located in Zeeland, Michigan” for several years.  “The voyage across was bad and long.”  Joseph’s father Richard and Aunt Mary told him it took 90 days, but Joseph didn’t believe it was actually that long.

I mentioned that Boudewijn and his wife Johanna had two living children when they left the Netherlands.  The older is Richard DeKorn; I have introduced him several times before.  Note that Richard’s generation appears to have dropped the final E from their last name.

Richard:  Dirk de Korne, born 21 Aug 1851, Kapelle, Zeeland, the Netherlands; died 26 Jan 1930, Kalamazoo,
Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States.  Also known as Richard and, when younger, Derrick.

Richard DeKorn (Dirk de Korne)

Richard DeKorn (Dirk de Korne)

Mary:  Maria Catharina de Korne was born on 4 Jan 1855 in Kapelle, Zeeland, the Netherlands.  Mary married John DeSmit in Kalamazoo in 1873 and they had at eight children.  Her daughter Frances married a Flipse.  When I got married in 1975 my mother took me to Flipse Flower shop to order my bridal bouquet because they were “shirt tail relatives.”  It’s hard to imagine it from this photo, but Mary only died two years before I was born.

Mary DeKorn DeSmit

Mary DeKorn DeSmit

After the family moved to the United States, Boudewijn and Johanna had another daughter, Adriana, in 1959, who is one year old in the 1860 census.   Nothing after that.

However, a 10-year-old daughter Jennie shows up in the 1870 census, which Jose from Enhanced News Archive was kind enough to find for me.

Joseph DeKorn’s documentation mentions Jennie, but not Adriana.  My grandfather identified the woman in this photograph as Jennie, Richard’s sister, who married a man named John Culver and eventually moved to Seattle, Washington.  She died in Pierce, Washington, on July 4, 1947.  According to her death record, she was born around 1861.  One difficulty in searching is that there is another Jennie Culver (married to Earl) who lived in Kalamazoo during Jennie DeKorn Culver’s lifetime.

So the question remains: was there an Adriana born in 1859 as well as Jennie born in 1860 or 1861?  Or are they the same person?  If Adriana had lived and kept her name, she would have been mentioned in Joseph’s statement.  So either she passed away as an infant or she became known as Jennie or, perhaps most likely, the census got her name wrong to begin with.

UPDATE: IT IS NOW 2018, FIVE YEARS LATER, AND I STILL DO NOT HAVE BIRTH OR BAPTISM INFORMATION ABOUT JENNIE OR ADRIANA. I AM GOING TO ASSUME FOR NOW THAT JENNIE IS ADRIANA–UNTIL I FIND OUT TO THE CONTRARY. THIS IS BECAUSE JENNIE IS A COMMON NICKNAME FOR ADRIANA.

Jennie DeKorn Culver

Jennie DeKorn Culver

This is a photo of Jenny and John Culver’s children:

The Culver Children

The Culver Children

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